"आग्नेय वर्ष" के कुछ उद्धरण (by फेदिन)

फेदिन के उपन्यास "आग्नेय वर्ष" के कुछ उद्धरण [आग्नेय वर्ष, 1947-48 में प्रकाशित, लोखक- फेदिन]
 

"हम हमेशा एक दूसरे को पढ़कर सुनाया करेंगे। मेरा मतलब हमारे मनपसन्द लेखकों की रचनाओं से है। अगर हम कभी अभागे लोगों के बारे में पढ़ेंगे, तो अपनें को और भी सौभाग्यशाली महसूस करेंगे, क्योंकि उस समय मन ही मन सोचेंगे: कितने सौभाग्य की बात है कि हम इनकी तरह अभागे, दुखी नहीं हैं!"... "नहीं", किरील नें जवाब दिया, "हम पढ़ेंगे और सोचेंगे कि इन अभागे लोगों को भी सौभाग्यसी कैसे बनाया जाये। हमारे लिये सबसे अधिक हर्ष और सौभाग्य की बात यही होगी।" (163.4, 163.5)

"हताषा और विषाद के क्षणों में मनुष्य के मस्तिष्क में ऐसे दुस्साहसिक और उतावली-भरे न जाने कितने विचार उठते होंगे । लेकिन इस तरह के बहुत कम विचार ही मस्तिष्क की सीमायें लाँघकर व्यवहार में साकार बन पाते हैं, क्योंकि मस्तिष्क में वे वैसे ही चैन व शान्ति से रहते हैं, जैसे कि नेक इरादे मनुष्य के ह्रदय में उस पर किसी भी प्रकार बोझ बने बिना।" (165.4)

"जब नगर में बाढ़ का खतरा हो तो सभी नगरवासी बाँध बनाने आते हैं, बिना किसी शर्त के । और जो न आये, दुबककर बैठा रहे, वह भगोड़ा होता है।" (247.16)

"क्या हम भविष्य में मानव सम्बन्धों को बदलना चाहते हैं ज़रूर बदलना चाहते हैं। तो मैं सोचता हूँ कि हमें अपने वर्तमान जीवन में इन परिवर्तनों के लक्षण ढूँढ़ना चाहिये, ताकि इनमें से कुछ अभी से हमारे जीवन का अंग हो जायें।"... "हमें अपने विचारों को जीते-जाते लोगों में, उनके आपसी सम्बन्धों में उतारना चाहिये। अपने विचारों को व्यवहारिक रूप देना चाहिये। नहीं तो हम अपने सपनों में ही खो जाएँगे।.... और हम अपने सपने की ही पूजा करने में इतने आदी हो जाएँगे कि लोगों को भूल ही जाएँगे। इसलिये हमें आज ही इस सपने को साकार करना चाहिए..." (431-432)

"कोई भी उड़ान पृथ्वी धरती के बिना नहीं हो सकती। उड़ने के लिये ठोस ज़मीन जाहिये।.... हम भविष्य की उड़ान का मैदान बना रहे हैं। यह बड़ा बड़ा मुश्किल और लम्बा काम है। शायद सभी कामों से मुश्किल काम है यह। इसके लिये हमे सुख-सुविधाओं को भूलना होगा। ज़रूरी हुआ तो हम अपने हथों से ज़मीन खोदेंगे, अपने नाखूनों से इसे ठीक करेंगे, नंगे पैरों से इसे कूटेंगे। और तब तक पीछे नहीं हटेंगे, जब तक कि हमारी उड़ान का मैदान तैयार नहीं हो जाता। हमारे पास आराम करने का समय नहीं है। कभी-कभी तो मुस्कुराने भर की फ़ुर्सत नहीं मिलती। हमें जल्दी करनी चाहीये।....... मैं तब तक ज़मीन कूटता रहूँगा जब तक की बह उड़ान की दौड़ भरने के लिये तैयार नहीं हो जायेगी। ताकि इतनी ऊँची उड़ान भरी जा सके, जिसकी लोगों ने कल्पना भी नहीं की है। यह ऊँचाई सदा मेरी आँखों के सामने रहती है, हर पल ।.. मैं लोगों को, उनके साथ स्वयं को भी बिल्कुल दूसरा, नया मनुष्य बना देखता हूँ.... "(462.14)

क्या आज़ भी हम ऐसा ही सोचते हैं और इसके लिये कुछ करते है......

When the Characters Come out of Books......

Dostoevsky (1821 – 1881)

First of all I would like to share some views of Dostoevsky regarding the literature. About the character of any book, Dostoevsky have following type of views,

"There are certain people of whom it is difficult to say anything which will at once throw them into relief—in other words, describe them graphically in their typical characteristics. These are they who are generally known as ‘commonplace people,’ and this class comprises, of course, the immense majority of mankind."
He adds,

"Podkoleosin’ [A character in Gogol’s comedy, The Wedding.] was perhaps an exaggeration, but he was by no means a non-existent character; on the contrary, how many intelligent people, after hearing of this Podkoleosin from Gogol, immediately began to find that scores of their friends were exactly like him! They knew, perhaps, before Gogol told them, that their friends were like Podkoleosin, but they did not know what name to give them.",

"..in real life typical characters are ‘watered down,’ so to speak; and all these Dandins and Podkoleosins actually exist among us every day, but in a diluted form. I will just add, however, that Georges Dandin might have existed exactly as Moliere presented him, and probably does exist now and then, though rarely..."

Now, after reading these lines from the Dostoevsky's novel "Idiot" I tried to observe people of the society in more better way; and then I read another novel "The Song of Youth" by Yang Mo, written in 1956. This novel gave me an observation that all the characters of novel were exactly same as real life, which were as Dostoevsky has explained, "in real life typical characters are ‘watered down,'". At this movement, analysis of the Dostoevsky has given a great view to observe these characters of the books, which all exist around us in "watered" form. Most of the times we all must observe many characters present in our real life, as explained by Chekhov, Gorky, Premchand, Diderot and many others....

It can be sourly said that art is the mirror of society. And once we see the present art and literature of society where we are living, we sourly observe the real images of regressive, greedy, dishonest, and cheap values of the present society. Everyone in his life, must have seen a lot of people, a lot of culture in present capitalist society around him; and also must have observed that many imaginary characters of the books come out live in the single person...

After it I re-analyzed all the characters of the books I have read since my childhood and it was all true....

And now it is true that these literature books help us to identify the characters of the people walking around us, expose the culture of the society hidden from our conscious observation, and above all, gives us a will to leave the wrong and negative, and accept the true and positive to work for the truth in a conscious manner....

At last last before "leaving" the topic, I would like to share a paragraph from the same novel "Idiot", which Dostoevsky have written about a character of Gogol's short story "Nevsky Prospekt" who "has not the slightest doubt of his own genius". Dostoevsky writes,

"This confidence of a stupid man in his own talents has been wonderfully depicted by Gogol in the amazing character of Pirogoff. Pirogoff has not the slightest doubt of his own genius,—nay, of his SUPERIORITY of genius,—so certain is he of it that he never questions it. How many Pirogoffs have there not been among our writers—scholars—propagandists? I say ‘have been,’ but indeed there are plenty of them at this very day."

We can say that this is a reason few people who have some part of the character like Pirogoff remain satisfied in what they do, which is actually nothing. These type of characters afraid from critique and fear from doing new things, and mostly have no strength to break the old way of living. So, they make their own imaginary world and start believing in their own "SUPERIORITY of genius".

Live from an IT/SW Firm: An example of anti-Human Culture of the Society

Last week in my office (IT/SW Industry) near the coffee machine, I was cleaning my cup of tea to get some tea. A person come and see me washing the cup, he doubtfully ask me whether I am looking at the pantry work on the floor. I simply answered, "No." Then I took my tea and go out of the room. After some time that person come to me and said, "Sorry!!" I was surprised to hear it. Why did he say sorry? Then I thought that if he asked this type of doubtful and "wrong" question to a pantry person, like "Is he is an engineer." And the pantry person had answered no; then, did this person say sorry to that pantry worker? Never!! At this movement I cannot stop myself to analyze the deep reason behind this type of partial and anti-democratic behavior.

What he does at that movement was the reflection of capitalist habits which differentiate the individuals who work as engineer and who work as pantry boy or do any other physical work. It is the creation of the difference between mental and physical work. It happens when you don't have the knowledge of the importance of your as well others' work for society, and only focused on earning profit and wealth or livelihood. These type of values are also true, and the same thing also happens, when a middle class individual interacts with the individual of higher class. It is actually, and really, the class character and class interest of the people living and growing in a capitalist society. This character of the capitalist culture is the open example, which represses, oppresses and crushes the individuality of a person and creates differences between them and finally kills the democracy of the society. Still many people, can are present in the society, who are unaware of capitalist habits and values, they do arguments that socialism kills the individuality of the persons. I would like to ask that if they try to observe (it is very important!!) one or two incidents, which are daily happening around them, then there will not remain any word to say about individuality in the capitalism.

While this type of culture, this type of behaviors, and this type of values will exist in the society how someone can expect that there will not be oppression, there will not be exploitation and there will not be corruption?? And this culture cannot be controlled by any law. Middle class of the society, with this type of behavior are the base for all these anti-democratic culture of the capitalist society.

These anti-human and anti-democratic values are reflected in every middle class individual, whatever level of qualification (I don't say education!!) he have. These cheap capitalist values develop in a natural way in the control of capitalist superstructure, in every individual who don't involved in the physical work.

These social values of the present capitalist society cannot be accepted by any conscious person!!

आग्नेय वर्ष

आग्नेय वर्ष उपन्यास के इस हिस्से में एक मध्यवर्ग के कलाकार पास्तुख़ोव के मानसिक द्वंद का एक शानदार चित्रण!  

जो क्रांति से पहले आराम से जी रहा था, और क्रांति के बाद जब प्रतिक्रियावादी कज्जाक उसे क्रांतिकारी होने के संदेह में गिरफ्तार कर लेते हैं, तब, गिरफ्तार होने के बाद, समाज की परिस्थितियों के बारे में उसके दिमाग मे क्या विचार पैदा होते हैं, और अंत में वो किस प्रकार एक झींगुर को देखकर मध्यवर्ग की स्थिति से घ्रणा कर उठाता है, 

बाकी खुद नीचे के पन्नो को देखें :

Click on the Images to enlarge:

Once More Crisis, Once More Rising....

For all who think they are safe from the point of employment and livelihood.

After anti-system movement in Africa (Egypt, Tunisia, Libya [See Here]) now in Europe (In Spain, and Paris, and UK, and Egypt**) and also in Kazakhstan (See Here) many Youth are awaking and trying to put the demands of public in focus against anti-public polities and activities of the ruling capitalist powers.

But, what the youths of India are doing. They sometimes go with Anna Hazare for Lokpal Bill, sometimes go with Baba Ramdev for anti-corruption and Black money issues. And there are many protests of workers are happening (See Report of Labor Day 2011 Demonstration), but still most of the youths have no interest in it, they don't give much attention to the demands of public, they look very busy in their own life or waiting that "some people" will do everything for the whole public.

We should take a look on these two types of movements, and the conditions of these African and European nations compared to India. We see the situations and movements of Africa and Europe and India.

How long to carry!!

In Spain anti-capitalism protest is happening and in the Paris on 29th May people gathered for the support of demonstrations across the country decrying mainstream politics, unemployment and corruption (See full report here). Now we see few points explaining the current condition of Spain and whole Europe, a report by Neil Clark (Full Report at: www.thefirstpost.co.uk Link Here):

"# 81 million young people worldwide were without jobs at the end of 2009 - the highest level of youth unemployment ever. 

# Taking to the streets, in increasing numbers, to protest over the country's high level of youth unemployment - which at 45 per cent is the highest in the EU. 

# Almost 21 per cent of 16 to 24-year-olds are unemployed. 

# Youth unemployment is as high as 34 per cent"

What impact it had on the people, in the view of Neil Clark:

"Is it any wonder that people are getting angry?" "It's an anti-capitalism, anti-market ruled society, anti-banks, anti-political corruption, anti-failed democracy, anti-degraded democracy and pro-real democracy protest" He adds, " I won't be surprised to hear the same thoughts expressed on the streets of London and Manchester very soon."

Neil Clark draws a conclusion for the problems that is neo-liberalism or  open exploitation of workers in contract based production. We can see some more. In an article ("Food prices to double by 2030") published in the Guardian on 31 May 2011, papers by Oxfam, says, "One in seven people on the planet go hungry every day despite the fact that the world is capable of feeding everyone. The food system must be overhauled." It is the truth of capitalist era.

At a place the article says that it will lead to "political unrest" and "will require radical reform of the international food system." According to the article ruling powers must give attention to it, and so it is giving the picture of real conditions of the public so that rulers be ready for handling the crises.

This article did not explained why it is happening? Why, in spite of tons of grain are destroyed, one out of seven people daily sleep hungry? It means that 100 crore people out of 700 crore of total world population sleep hungry, not because of unavailability of food, but because of theft by few people. See Here Why??

At this moment many people, worldwide, who were supporting capitalism on the examples of European nations, now where will they get justification for their utopia about capitalism? Whole capitalist media, who all are the puppets of capitalists (all of us know it!!), are silent on all these protests, and trying to hide these demonstrations all around the Europe. Why? Only because these protests are anti-capitalism, it is the demands of hard working public; not of any imperialist of any capitalist.

A March for Life

Now at this movement a very big question arises that if African and now European youths are raising their voice against worst life conditions in capitalism, which are not as worst as in India here (See detail : Here). Then, why Indians, here, are not raising their voice for justice? See some of the facts; we will get surprised, in India,

# 77 percent of the Indian population is living below 20 rupees per day, which is nothing more than unemployment. In this so called "income" (<20 rupees per day), 84 crore people are living with poverty, which lead to malnutrition, and then finally end to starvation of 84 crore poor people. And at other side numbers of billionaires are increasing with fastest pace in the India.

# Over 394.9 million workers (86% of the working population) belong to the unorganized sector and work under “utterly deplorable” conditions with “extremely few livelihood options"

What is the reason that most of the Indian youths are living in such a worst conditions without any shouting for justice, while European start their demonstrations in much better conditions than presently in India like unemployment, poverty, starvation, malnutrition, inequality, corruption etc. etc. etc. (VISIT HERE FOR ALL DETAIL OF CONDITIONS in INDIA)!!!!

Whenever any voice for justice is raised then all anti-public means are tried out by the administration and capitalists to crush it (See recent report on "A Major Victory for the Agitating Workers" and Bhatta Parsaul). Why most of us become so busy in our daily life that we cannot see anything happening all around us; or we just satisfy ourselves by our senseless discussions; or we don't have any faith in self and in public; or we don't want to come out from a very long and anti-progress impact of 250 years of colonial slavery. We need to think about it, need to analyze it, and then also act for it to bring progress for all with a change for all.

[Anti-Capitalism]
Ref: www.thenewsignificance.com

"If organic tissue is capable of life it must react to every stimulus. ... "To pain I respond with tears and outcries (चिल्लाहट), to baseness with indignation (क्रोध), to filth (नीचता) with loathing (घृणा). To my mind, that is just what is called life. The lower the organism, the less sensitive it is, and the more feebly it reacts to stimulus; and the higher it is, the more responsively and vigorously it reacts to reality." - Chekhov

But, today this "life" has forcibly pushed below the burden of earning livelihood, either of a poor person or a rich person, and it is the reason why we don't react to any "stimulus" we get every time, at every place.

This cannot be continued!

This should not be continued!!

This must not be continued!!!

This will not be continued...

This is to be CHANGED.....

________________________________________
**References of Spain, Parish and other European Demonstrations:

[    http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Spaniards+spark+European+protests/4865255/story.html

    http://cryptome.org/info/spain-protest/spain-protest.htm

    http://news.infoshop.org/article.php?story=201105292354

    http://www.expatica.com/es/news/news_focus/Social-networks-power-Spain-protests-_151942.html

    http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/05/18/spain.protests/index.html     

    http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/may/20/spain-protesting-angry-ones

    http://www.thenewsignificance.com/2011/05/30/hundreds-in-paris-demo-modeled-on-spain-protest/

    http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/5097 ]

**In India: [http://www.workerscharter.in/?p=494]

125वे मजदूर दिवस पर भारत के मज़दूरों के संघर्ष की एक नई शुरूवात...

कल (1 मई 2011) जन्तर-मन्जर पर हजारों मजदूर भारत के मजदूरों के माँगपत्रक को सरकार के सामनें रखनें के लिये अलग-अलग जगहों से आये हुये थे। लेकिन इस पूरी घटना के बारे में पूरी पूँजीवादी मीडिया, जो अनेक छोटे-छोटे आन्दोलनों के प्रचार में लगा रहता, और बेचनें के लियें मजदूरो की जिन्दगी पर फिल्में भी बना लेता है, उसनें मजदूरों की माँगो का एक बार भी प्रचार नहीं किया। कर भी कैसे सकता था? जिन पूँजीपतियों से करोंड़ो रुपये लेकर ये पूरा मीडिया चल रहा है वो मजदूरों की उन माँगों का प्रचार कैसे कर सकता है जो सीधे उनके मालिको द्वारा मजदूरों का खुलेआम शोषण करके अपना घर भरने के विरुद्ध हो? जो पूँजीपति मजदूरों की मेहनत से पैदा होने वाले पैसो को लूटकर इन लोगों के सामने फेक देते हैं, उनका विरोध यह लोग कैसे कर सकते हैं, चाहे मजदूरो के साथ किसी भी हद तक गलत हो रहा हो।

इस सब के बाबजूद अपनी माँगों को संसद के सामनें रखनें के लिये मजदूर देश के अलग-अलग कोनों से हजारों की संख्या (आठ हजार) में जन्तर-मन्तर पर पहुँचे । आन्दोलन में शामिल हुये कुछ मजदूरों से बात करके पता चला कि वो लोग गोरखपुर और लुधियाना से दिहाड़ी पूरी करके घर से निकले थे और रविवार की शाम को ट्रेन से सीधे सुबह काम करने फैक्ट्री जायेंगे जिनमें से कुछ मजदूर अपनें मालिको से लड़-झगड़ कर छुट्टी लेकर आये थे। ये उन सभी मजदूरों की वर्ग की माँगों की एकता, और आने वाले समय में, आने वाली पीड़िओं के लिये एक बेहतर भविष्य का सपना ही तो है जो उन्हें इतनी परेशानियों में भी संघर्ष करने के लिये जुझारू जोश और हौसला देता है । ये मजदूर वो है, जिन्हें सम्बोधित करने वाले एक कार्यकर्ता के शब्दों में, “पूरी साल के 365 दिन मालिक के मुनाफे के लिये 12-12 से 16-16 घन्टे तक जी तोड़ मेहनत करते है।”, और अगर मालिक के लिये ये लोग 365 दिन अपनी हड्डियाँ गला सकते हैं तो, “क्या एक दिन अपने लिये थोड़ी सी मुसीबत नहीं सहन कर सकते...।”

सभा में मौजूद मजदूरों नें, जो अपनी बाजुओं के दम पर पूरा देश खड़ा करते हैं, एक संकल्प लिया कि एकजुट होकर लूटमार, भ्रष्टाचार और शोषण पर खड़ी पूरी पूँजीवादी व्यवस्था की नीव को ढहाकर आने वाले समय में उसकी जगह पर एक नई समाजवादी व्यवस्था (जैसा कि आज सिर्फ संविधान में लिखा है: “प्रभुसत्ता सम्पन्न, समाजवादी, धर्मनिरपेक्ष, लोकतांत्रिक गणतंत्र”) बनानी है जो सही मायनें में मेहनतकश जनता की व्यवस्था होगी ।